BASIC Computer programming Language 1 & 2

MAIN AIM:  To help the students understand the meaning of BASIC and what it is used for.

SUBSIDIARY AIMS: By the end of the lesson, the students should be able to understand what programming language is all about.

• Define BASIC,
• Basic Menu and Keywords,
• Understand the functions of each BASIC keyword.

PERSONAL AIM: To assist the students understand programming using BASIC

ASSUMPTION: it is assumed that the students don’t know how to write simple computer program

ANTICIPATED PROBLEMS: the students don’t know how to write simple computer program using BASIC,

POSSIBLE SOLUTION: The teacher introduces the student to BASIC

TEACHING AIDS: marker, chalk, computer programming software (pythion)

STEP 1: DEFINITION OF BASIC

BASIC is the acronym for Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instructional Code (BASIC)

It is a programming language for beginners because it is easy to use and understand, and because it contains the same major idea used in many other languages thought to be more difficult, such as Pascal.

BASIC was developed by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz in the mid-1960s.

Working with Basic Using Various Menus

NEW:  New is used when you want to start a new program

OPEN: When you want to update a program that you already worked on, choose open and then choose the program that you wish to work on

SAVE: When you have saved a program once before and you want to save it again, choose save. Save your work often

SAVE AS: When you want to save a program for the first time, choose Save As. You then have to give your program a name. Your program name should not be more than 8 letters long.

PRINT:Choose print when you want to send your program to the printer.

Key BASIC STATEMENTS

Programming is an art that can be seen from different views. The keywords or the reserved words are the tools that we use in writing BASIC programs. They are instructions that are carried out by the program translator, i.e., the compiler and the interpreter. They include:

• PRINT,
• CLS,
• REM,
• READ
• GOTO,
• DATA
• FOR … NEXT,
• IF … THEN …ELSE,
• LIST
• LOAD / (OPEN),
• END,
• STOP

1. Remark Statement (REM): This is a remark. It does not affect the program in terms of instruction or command line.

a. REM: It is used in explaining what the program is all about. Example, 10 REM. Program to calculate average of numbers. This statement will appear as comment on the screen

2. Assignment Statement: This keyword is used in assigning values to variables, e.g. READ, DATA, LET, INPUT

a. READ statement: This is a statement used in giving values to variables. Usually READ statement has DATA statement with it.

Examples,

I      10                  READ I,M,N

        20                 DATA 5,7,9

II     10                 READ A,B,C

         20                DATA 1,2,3

B. DATA statement: This statement is used in attaching strings of fixed characters and numeric data in BASIC. A DATA statement can have one piece of data or many. Either of these is called DATA element. DATA elements are separated by commas (,).

Examples,

I.    10         READ A,B,C,D

       20                  DATA 6,7,15,10

       30                  PRINT “SUM” = A+B+C+D

       40                  RUN

                             SUM =38

II.                       10 REM PROGRAM TO SUM NUMBERS

                            20 READ X,Y,Z

                            30 DATA 15,10,20

                            40 PRINT “SUM” = X+Y+Z

                                 SUM = 45

C. LET statement: This statement is used in attaching strings of fixed characters and numeric data in BASIC.

Examples,

I.                         5         LET A = 50

                            10       LET B = 10

                            15       LET C = A + B

       Here the lines are 5, 10, 15

II.                       10       READ A, B,C,D

                            20       DATA 6,7,15,10

                            30       LET SUM = A +B + C + D

                                      RUN

                                      SUM = 38

D. INPUT statement: This statement is used assigning values to variables.

Examples,

I)                         10       INPUT A

                            20       INPUT B

                            30       INPUT C

                            40       PRINT A, B, C

3. Program Terminator

These keywords are used to terminate the program, e.g. STOP AND END

a) STOP statement: This statement is used to terminate a program.

b) END statement: This statement is used to terminate a program.

Example,

10                        REM

20                        GOTO 50 (The program moves to line 50)

30                        READ A, B ,C, D

40                        PRINT “SUM” = A+B+C+D

50                        STOP

4. Output Statement.

This keyword is reversed to display output from the computer, e.g. PRINT

a) PRINT statement: This statement is used to transmit or display output data from the computer. The PRINT statement is usually followed by a list of items to be displayed and each item is separated by a comma (,) or semi-colon (;)

Examples are:

I)                         10       PRINT A, B, C

                            20       PRINT “X” =; “Y” = Y

This statement will cause the monitor to display whatever is stored in the non-numeric variables ABC and whatever is stored in X and Y.

II)                       PRINT (2*4)/2

The monitor will display 60

 III)                    5         LET A = 50

                            10       LET B = 10

                            15       LET C = A + B

                            20       PRINT C

The monitor will display 60

EVALUATION:

1. Define the following;

(a) New (b) Open (c) Save (d) Save As Print

• Explain the following;

(a) Remark Statement (b) Assignment Statement (c) DATA statement (d) Let statement.

SUMMARY:

• BASIC is the acronym for Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instructional Code (BASIC)
• It is a programming language for beginners because it is easy to use and understand, and because it contains the same major idea used in many other languages thought to be more difficult, such as Pascal.
• BASIC was developed by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz in the mid-1960s.

•  New is used when you want to start a new program
• OPEN: When you want to update a program that you already worked on, choose open and then choose the program that you wish to work on
• SAVE: When you have saved a program once before and you want to save it again, choose save. Save your work often
• SAVE AS: When you want to save a program for the first time, choose Save As. You then have to give your program a name. Your program name should not be more than 8 letters long.
• PRINT: Choose print when you want to send your program to the printer.
• Programming is an art that can be seen from different views. The keywords or the reserved words are the tools that we use in writing BASIC programs. They are instructions that are carried out by the program translator, i.e., the compiler and the interpreter.

ASSIGNMENT:

1. Define the following;

(a) New (b) Open (c) Save (d) Save As Print

• Explain the following;

(a) Remark Statement (b) Assignment Statement (c) DATA statement (d) Let statement.

CONCLUSSION: The students understand the meaning of BASIC and what it is used for

TEACHER’S EVALUATION: The students understand programming using BASIC

PREVIOUS LESSON: BASIC (I)

MAIN AIM:  To help the students write BASIC programs for solving simple Mathematical calculations.

SUBSIDIARY AIMS: By the end of the lesson, the students should be able to understand what programming language is all about.

• How to write simple BASIC program,
• Write a BASIC program for finding the area of a Triangle,
• Write a BASIC program for solving simple interest.

PERSONAL AIM: To assist the students in writing simple BASIC programs.

ASSUMPTION: it is assumed that the students don’t know how to write simple computer program

ANTICIPATED PROBLEMS: the students don’t know how to write simple computer program using BASIC,

POSSIBLE SOLUTION: The teacher introduces the student to BASIC

TEACHING AIDS: marker, chalk, computer programming software (pythion)

STEP 1: Writing Simple Basic Programs

1. Write a BASIC program to calculate the product of three numbers

Solution:

100                      REM: Program to calculate the product of three numbers

200                      LIST:

300                      PROD

400                      READ A, B, C

500                      DATA 3, 4, 9

600                      LET P = A*B*C

700                      PRINT P

800                      END

Note: The line number does not affect the program.

• Write a program to calculate the area of a circle. (Area= πr²)

     Solution:

10                        CLS

15                        Program to calculate area of a circle

20                        Let area = 3.142*r**2

25                        PRINT area

       30                        END

• Write a program to calculate simple interest

Solution:

Algorithm to calculate S.I

STEP (1) Using pseudo code

S.I. = PRT

          100

Begin

INPUT P, R, T

S.I. = (P*R*T)/100

PRINT 1

• Write a BASIC program to calculate the sum of two numbers

Solution:

REM a program to add 2 numbers

CLS

INPUT Number 1

INPUT Number 2

TOTAL = Number 1 + Number 2

PRINT “TOTAL”

END

• Write a BASIC program to find the average of 3 Numbers

Solution:

REM A program to find the average of 3 numbers

CLS

INPUT NUMBER 1

INPUT Number 2

INPUT Number 3

TOTAL = Number 1 + Number 2 + Number 3

AVERAGE = TOTAL/3

PRINT

END

• Write a BASIC program to calculate the area of a triangle with base

Solution:

REM A program to find the average of 3 numbers

CLS

INPUT base

INPUT height

AREA = 0.5 base * height

PRINT

EVALUATION:

1. Write a program to find the product of four numbers using the ‘LET’ statement?
2. Write a program to calculate the average of five numbers using the ‘INPUT’ statement?

ASSIGNMENT:

1. Write a program to calculate simple interest using the ‘READ, DATA, LET, PRINT’ statements.

[Hint: S.I = PRT/100].

CONCLUSION:

TEACHER’S EVALUATION: The students understand programming using BASIC

MAIN AIM:  To help the students write BASIC programs for solving simple Mathematical calculations.

SUBSIDIARY AIMS: By the end of the lesson, the students should be able to understand what programming language is all about.

• How to write simple BASIC program,
• Write a BASIC program for finding the area of a Triangle,
• Write a BASIC program for solving simple interest.

PERSONAL AIM: To assist the students in writing simple BASIC programs.

ASSUMPTION: it is assumed that the students don’t know how to write simple computer program

ANTICIPATED PROBLEMS: the students don’t know how to write simple computer program using BASIC,

POSSIBLE SOLUTION: The teacher introduces the student to BASIC

TEACHING AIDS: marker, chalk, computer programming software (python), computer Laboratory

STEP 1: Writing Simple Basic Programs

1. Write a BASIC program to calculate the product of three numbers

Solution:

100                      REM: Program to calculate the product of three numbers

200                      LIST:

300                      PROD

400                      READ A, B, C

500                      DATA 3, 4, 9

600                      LET P = A*B*C

700                      PRINT P

800                      END

Note: The line number does not affect the program.

• Write a program to calculate the area of a circle. (Area= πr²)

     Solution:

10                        CLS

15                        Program to calculate area of a circle

20                        Let area = 3.142*r**2

25                        PRINT area

       30                        END

• Write a program to calculate simple interest

Solution:

Algorithm to calculate S.I

STEP (1) Using pseudo code

S.I. = PRT

          100

Begin

INPUT P, R, T

S.I. = (P*R*T)/100

PRINT 1

• Write a BASIC program to calculate the sum of two numbers

Solution:

REM a program to add 2 numbers

CLS

INPUT Number 1

INPUT Number 2

TOTAL = Number 1 + Number 2

PRINT “TOTAL”

END

• Write a BASIC program to find the average of 3 Numbers

Solution:

REM A program to find the average of 3 numbers

CLS

INPUT NUMBER 1

INPUT Number 2

INPUT Number 3

TOTAL = Number 1 + Number 2 + Number 3

AVERAGE = TOTAL/3

PRINT

END

• Write a BASIC program to calculate the area of a triangle with base

Solution:

REM A program to find the average of 3 numbers

CLS

INPUT base

INPUT height

AREA = 0.5 base * height

PRINT

EVALUATION:

1. Write a program to find the product of four numbers using the ‘LET’ statement?
2. Write a program to calculate the average of five numbers using the ‘INPUT’ statement?

ASSIGNMENT:

1. Write a program to calculate simple interest using the ‘READ, DATA, LET, PRINT’ statements.

[Hint: S.I = PRT/100].

CONCLUSION:

TEACHER’S EVALUATION: The students understand programming using BASIC