Comprehension: The passage focuses on colour selection and clash of textures and styles. Therefore, read the passage in between the lines and give a comprehensive interpretation of the content. Thereafter, answer all the questions beneath the passage.
Definition and Types of Tenses
Tense is an aspect of the verb that expresses the timing of an action, the performance of the action might be in the present, past, or future time.
TYPES OF PRESENT TENSES
Simple Present Tense, Present continuous, Present Perfect Tense, and Present Perfect continuous,
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSES: It expresses those actions that we do on daily basis. It expresses habitual action E.g. I eat rice, I work.
Singular Plural
The man knows my name. The men know my name.
It is also used to state the natural or the universal truth. E.g
i. The earth is spherical.
ii.Africa is the second largest continent.
It is also used in running football commentaries. E.g Alex Iwobi passes the ball to Victor Moses, Moses dribbles a player and hits the ball into the back of the net and it is a goal, oh no! The referee disqualifies that.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSES: It’s an action that is still in progress. It is formed by adding (ing) to the verb
E.g. Goring -going-talking. Is or are is added to the verb root, – is coming, – are going.
Example: she is cooking.
We are playing football.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSES: It is formed by using has or have plus the perfect form of the verb root / participle. Examples:
They have gone out.
He has spoken to her,
wehave done the work.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: It is formed by adding have/has to “been” before adding “ing” verb e.g.
I have been working.
They have been doing it.
She has been singing.
Evaluation: Answer the questions on page 59, practice 5 of your effective English.
Reading Assignment: pg198, 0f countdown WASSCE/SSCE/NECO/JME by Evans.
C: Topic: Vocabulary Development: Words Associated with Government and Politics
CONTENT: Definition of Some Relevant Words
Government: This is a group of people who steers the affairs of a state.
Democracy: This is government whereby majority rule a state. It is the government of the people, by the people and for the people.
Oligarchy: This is the system of government whereby few privileged and powerful people. It is the government of the minority.
Mace: This is a symbol of authority in the legislative chamber, e.g national assembly.
Adjudicate: To settle a legal case or other dispute. This is usually done by the Judiciary.
Bill: This is a draft of a law, presented to a legislature for enactment. A bill is a proposed law.
Enactment: This is an act of making a law.
Promulgation: This is an act of making laws known to people rule a state. It is an act of announcing laws which have been enacted or made.
Assent: This is the president’s approval to a bill in form of signature. With that the bill has become a law.
Rule of law: This is the supremacy of law over everyone in a country.
Constitutionalism: This is a principle which states that both the government and the governed must abide by the provision of the constitution.
Ultra vire: It means beyond one’s power.
Null and void: This means ‘invalid’ because such has been declared unconstitutional.
Bureaucracy: These are structures and regulations put in place to control governmental activities or operations.
Recess: A period in the parliamentary year where the law makers are meant to be on holidays.
Legislator/parliamentarian: This is another name for a law maker.
Gubernatorial: Connected to the position of a governor. E.g Gubernatorial election, gubernatorial seat.
Senatorial: Connected to the position of a senator, e.g senatorial slot, senatorial elections.
Ministry: This is a government department, at the administrative level normally headed by a minister.
Portfolio: This is a post; and responsibilities of a cabinet minister or other heads of a government department.
Cabinet:A group of ministers or aids working with a president or a governor
Autocracy: This is a form of government in which unlimited power is held by a single individual.
The fundamental rights of the people are denied or not guaranteed. Another name for this I despotism ortyranny.
Gavel: This is a wooden mallet, used by a judge in a court room or by the senate president, speakers of houses of assembly during legislative proceedings.
Prerogation of Mercy: This is the power conferred on the president or governor of a state to pardon offenders or prisoners.
Delimitation: This is a process of carving out of constituencies by the electoral commission.
Constituencies:These are districts carved out for the purpose of representations
Gerrymandery: This is carving out of constituencies in a dishonest or an unfair manner.
Defection: This is when one dumps one political party for another. This is synonymous to crosscarpeting.
Prorogue: This is to suspend or bring a parliamentary life to an end.
Confederalism: This is a loosed political arrangement.
Nationalism: This is an opposition to foreign rule and domination
Jingoism: This is an excessive love for one’s country and hatred for others.
Evaluation: Write fifteen vocabularies of government and politics and use them in sentences.
Reading Assignment: Countdown WASSCE, SSCE, NECO AND JME English language page 142-146.
Weekend Assignment: Practice 2 page 22 of Effective English.
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