Conditional Clauses; Complex Sentence

A conditional sentence has at least two clauses, one beginning with if (or ‘unless’ which means ‘if …. Not’)

Examples:

If inflation is high, the value of life insurance policies goes down.

Explanation: The ‘if clause’ is the subordinate clause while the result clause is the main clause. The arrangement of the sentence can be altered by positioning the result clause before the if clause e.gThe value of life insurance policies go down if inflation is high.

TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1. Likely or probable conditionals

Sentences in this category fall into two forms:

A. the if clause and the result may be in the present simple tense

e.g If you have a life insurance policy, your family has financial protection.

B. Present simple tense in the if-clause, future tense in the result clause e.g with your policy, the insurance company will pay up, even if you drive into a tree.

• Unlikely or Remote conditional

Past tense (also called the subjunctive) is used in the if-clause, “would” in the result clause.

e.g if you left the keys in the car and if it were stolen, the insurance company would  probably not pay you.

• Unfulfilled or impossible conditional.

It is used for talking about what did not happen. The past perfect tense is in the if-clause “would have” and a past participle is in the result clause e.g If I had left the keys in the car, the insurance company would not have paid up.

EVALUATION

Identify the following as likely, unlikely or unfulfilled conditions

1. If you steal, you may be jailed
   1. I would have left if you had arrived earlier.
   1. If you stole, you would be jailed

READING ASSIGNMENT

Read passage 41,56 Main text.

A. (2) Complex Sentence

This is a type of sentence structure which consists of one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses, hence it is denoted by (M¹, S^{1 or more} ). When writing this type of sentence, any of the clauses could come first, but it is advisable to write the dependent clause first before the main clause so as to achieve sentence vigour. All conditional clauses are complex sentences.

Examples

• If I were your father, I would punish you.

Sub. Cl.           M. cl.

• Whenever it rains, I don’t go to work.

       Sub. Cl.                  M. cl.

• Since I came to this school, I have never been punishedbecause I always obey the rules

Sub. Cl.                                   M. cl.                                       Sub. Cl.

• I will call youwhen I’m less busy.

M. cl.               Sub. Cl.

• The book which you gave mehas been stolen

Sub. Cl.                  M.cl

EVALUATION

Write down ten complex sentences using different clauses markers and underlined the subordinate clauses.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Pg. 272 Countdown English

1. VOCABULARY: Words Associated with Publishing                        

Content: Words, Meaning, Examples

1. Publishing: The profession or business of preparing and printing books, magazines, CD-ROMS etc and selling or making them available to the public e.g. Evans Brothers is a reputable publishing company.
   1. Manuscript: Copy of a book, piece of music etc before it has been printed or a very old book or document that was written by hand before printinge.g.  The author has sold his manuscript to a publishing outfit.
2. Reader: a worker in a publishing house who reads a manuscript to see if it will appeal to the public.
   1. Author:A person who writes books or who wrote a particular book e.g.  Who is your favourite author?
   1. Edition: The form or number of copies of a book, newspaper, or magazine. e.g.  Sally Wehmeier is the chief editor of the seventh edition of the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary.
   1. Revised Edition: A published book in which the author has added new ideas or eliminated obsolete concepts. e.g.  The revised edition of the text book will soon be published.
   1. Hardback or Paperback: A book may have a hard outer covering or a light outer covering. This impacts its cost.
   1. Review: An examination of something with the intention of changing it if necessary e.g. This textbook is due to be reviewed.
   1. Imprint (Technical): The name of the publisher of a book usually printed below the title on the first page.
   1.                     vii.            e.g. The publisher’s imprint is too vague.
   1. Copyright: A statement showing the person who holds publication rights usually forbidding unauthorised duplication. e.g.  It is still a matter of debate if the photocopying of a book infringes on copyright laws.

EVALUATION

Use five vocabulary items to make sentences.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Read page 138- 139 Countdown

• Essay Writing: Speech Writing, Explanation and Features

This is a written composition that is expected to be delivered to a live audience. It is therefore necessary to consider the languagevis-à-vis the interest of the audience. Primarily, speeches should be very informative, educative and entertaining.

The basic types of speeches are:

1. Address of welcome
2. Farewell Address/Speech
3. A Talk on any Topic

Features

• The title/topic follows this pattern:

A FAREWELL SPEECH DELIVERED BY MR JAMES BODE, THE VICE PRINCIPAL OF GLORY SHOWER SCHOOL, ON THE SEND OFF CEREMONY OF THE DEAN, MRS CAROLINE BARRY AT THE CONFERENCE HALL ON THE 20^TH OF JUNE, 2020 AT 10:00AM.

• The dignitaries in attendance are greeted or saluted in their order of hierarchy/status/prominence. E.g. TheProprietor, The Principal, The PTA Chairman, Parents, Members of Staff, Students, Ladies and Gentleman.
• Appreciate the privilege to address the gathering
• Logically discuss your points one after the other.
• Describe your impression of the event or person in question.
• Discuss its impact on the community/society
• Challenge your audience to positive actions.
• Wish them well to their destinations.
• Use formal language with occasional humour.

EVALUATION

Write a farewell speech for an important retiring member of staff in your school.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Ppg. 37 – 39 Countdown English

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. List the types of conditional clauses you known with examples
   1. Write out ten subordinate clauses with different clause markers.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

SECTION A

Choose the option that contains the given phonetic symbol.

1.         /ә/        (a)        mint                 (b)        kept          (c)   sent          (d)   doctor

2.         /b/        (a)        debt                 (b)        doubt        (c)   grab         (d)   lamb

3.         /з:/        (a)        Count              (b)        fallacy       (c) shut         (d)   courtesy

4.         /u/        (a)        look                 (b)        good         (c)   stood       (d)   mood

5.         /I/         (a)        package           (b)       accede       (c)  women     (d)   decent

SECTION B

Do practice 2 page 111-112.