Family health: Nutrition

CONTENT

• FOOD AND BALANCED DIET
• TYPE / COMPOSITION
• BALANCED

FOOD AND BALANCED DIET

Nutrition is the intake of food by all living organisms(i.e. plants and animals) in order to live well.

Food is a substance that we eat and digest in order to provide energy and help in body building. Food is also anything taken to provide energy, nutrients, to build the body, to relace worn-out cells and to grow and develop a healthy body. It includes many things we eat and drink except alcohol, cigarettes and drugs

BALANCED DIET:  An adequate diet is one that is sufficient in quantity and food nutrients in required amount or proportions.

An adequate diet is called balanced diet.

In terms of quantity, the human body requires more carbohydrates followed by proteins lipids, vitamins and minerals.

PROCEDURE FOR PLANNING A BALANCED DIET

1          Plan in a tabular form, an adequate diet for your home, in your own part of Nigeria.

2          Use as far as possible locally produced food items.

3          In cases where you have a choice use food items you personally prefer.

TYPES OF FOOD

Types

1          Solid or liquid e.g.

                        Solid foods                               Liquid foods

                        Yam                                         Milk

                        Rice                                          Cocoa drinks like Milo

                        Bread                                       Bourn vita

                        Beans                                       Fruit juice

2.         Local foods e.g.

                        Local foods                                

                        Beans                                      

                        Rice                                           

                        Yam                                        

                        Sweet potato                          

1. Imported foods

Milk

Stockfish

Butt                                                                                                                                     Pasta

2.             Cereals, vegetables and fruits e.g.

                        Cereals                                      

                        Rice                                  

                        Corn flakes                                                                                     

                        Wheat                                                      

• Fruits e.g. mango, orange, lemon, apple, pear, guava, etc.
• Vegetables: okra, spinach, waterleaf, lettuce etc.

5.             Foods eaten raw or cooked e.g.

                        Foods eaten raw                      

                        Lettuce                                          

                        Pawpaw                                           

                        Mango                                               

                        Banana                                          

                        Cucumber                                       

6.        Foods eaten cooked

                   Yam

                   Rice

                   Beans      

                   Meat

       Potato

Food can also be grouped into three categories according to the functions they perform in the body . These are:

1. Energy giving food e.g. carbohydrates, fats and oils.
2. Body building food e.g. proteins.
3. Protective food e.g. vitamins and mineral salts.

EVALUATION

1. Give three ways of planning for adequate diet.
2. State five examples of food eaten raw.

Classes Of Food

	Classes of food	Composition
1.	Carbohydrates e.g. Yam, Garri, Millet, Potato	Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen with Hydrogen and Oxygen in ratio 2 : 1
2.	Proteins e.g. milk, cheese, eggs, yoghurt, beans	Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, sometimes sulphur and phosphorus
3.	Fats and oils (lipids e.g. palm oil, groundnut oil, olive oil, animal fats	Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen fats are solid, while oils are liquid at room temperature.
4.	Vitamins we have vitamin A,B,C,D,E AND K.	Vitamins are made up of living organisms.
5.	Mineral salts e.g. potassium, calcium, sulphur, phosphorus, nitrogen	They are chemical substance for human health
6.	Water	Water is made up of and oxygen

GENERAL EVALUATION

1.       List six food types and their composition

2.       Define a balanced diet

3.       List the types of food we have.

4.       State five examples of food eaten raw.

READING ASSIGNMENT

• Basic science By NNOF pages 6-11 or Basic science made easy by F.I Kehinde Pages 10 – 15,
• Precious seed BASIC SCIENCE FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS BOOK 1 PAGE 23-34

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1          Which of the following is not a food item? (a) Milk (b) Spinach (c) Orange (d) Alcohol

2.         A disease that results from the lack of protein is called ______ (a) a hunger disease (b) a poverty disease (c) Kwashiorkor disease (d) vitamin deficiency disease

3          _______ is a substance we eat and digest and give energy to the body (a) Starch (b) Food (c) Protein (d) Balance diet

4          Which of the following is the function of vitamins in the human body ?(a) providing energy (b) preserving health (c)  body building (d) none of the above

5       The following food items are sources of carbohydrate except (a) beans (b) yam (c) rice (d) orange

THEORY

1          Prepare an adequate diet chart.

2          List the six classes of food and their functions.