Examples
Solve simultaneously for x and y (i.e. the points of their intersection)
3x + y = 10
2×2 +y2 = 19
Note: One linear, One quadratic is only possible analytically using substitution method.
Solution.
3x + y = 10———— eq 1
2×2+ y2 = 19———- eq 2
Make y the subject in eq 1 (linear equation) y = 10 – 3x eq 3
Substitute eq 3 into eq 2
2×2 + (10-3x)2 = 19
2x2+ (10 – 3x) (10 – 3x) = 19
2×2 + 100 – 30x – 30x + 9×2 = 19
2×2 + 9×2 – 30x – 30x + 100 – 19 = 0
11×2 – 60x + 81 = 0
11×2 – 33x – 27x + 81= 0
11x (x-3) – 27 (x – 3) = 0
(11x – 27) (x – 3) = 0
11x – 27 = 0 or x-3 = 0
11x = 27 or x = 3
\ x = 27/11 or 3
Substitute the values of x into eq 3.
When x = 3 y = 10 – 3(x)
y = 10 – 3(3)
y = 10 – 9 = 1
When x =27/11
y = 10 – 3(27/11) y = 10 – 51/11
y =(110 – 51)/11
y = 59/11
\ w hen x = 3, y = 1
x = 27/11 ,
y = 59/11
Evaluation
Solve for x and y
I. 3x 2 – 4y = -1 II. 4×2 + 9y2 = 20 2x – y = 1 2x – 9y =-2
Reading Assignment NGM for SS IIEx 7d, 1 b, e, 2 b, c.
Simultaneous Equation (Further Examples)
Solve simultaneously for x and y. 3x – y = 3———————- eq 1
9×2 – y 2 = 45———- eq 2
Solution
From eq 2
(3x)2 – y 2 = 45
(3x-y) (3x+y) = 45———– eq 3
Substitute eq 1 into eq 3
3 (3x + y) = 45
3x + y = 15…………….. eq4
Solve eq 1 and eq 4 simultaneously. 3x – y = 3———————– eq 1
3x + y = 15——— eq 4
eq 1 + eq 4
6x = 18
x = 18/ 6 x = 3
Substitute x = 3 into eq 4. 3x + y = 15
3 (3) + y = 15
9 + y = 15
y = 15 – 9
y = 6
\ x = 3, y = 6
Evaluation
- a. Given that : 4×2 – y2 = 15 b. Given that : 3×2 +5xy –y2 = 3
2x – y = 5 x – y = 4
Solve for x and y. solve for x and y.
WORD PROBLEM LEADING TO ONE LINEAR-ONE QUADRATIC EQUATION
Example:
The product of two numbers is 12. The sum of the larger number and twice the smaller number is 11. Find the two numbers.
Solution
Let x = the larger number y = the smaller number
Product, x y = 12………………. eq1
From the last statement,
x + 2y = 11……………. eq2
From eq2, x = 11 – 2y…………….. eq3
Sub. Into eq1
y(11 – 2y) = 12 11y – 2y2 = 12
2y2 -11y + 12 = 0
2y2 – 8y – 3y + 12 = 0
2y(y-4) – 3(y-4) = 0
(2y-3)(y-4) =0
2y-3 =0 or y-4 =0 2y = 3 or y = 4
y= 3/2 or 4
when y = 3/2 when y=4
x = 11 – 2y x = 11- 2y
x = 11 – 2(3/2) x = 11 – 2(4)
x = 11 – 3 x = 11 – 8
x = 8 x = 3
Therefore, (8 , 3/2)(3 , 4)
- Find a two digit number such that two times the tens digit is three less than thrice the unit digit and 4 times the number is 99 greater than the number obtained by reversing the digit.
Solution
Let the two digit number be ab, where a is the tens digit and b is the unit digit From the first statement,
2a + 3 = 3b
2a – 3b = -3…………. eq1
From the second statement,
4(10a + b) – 99 = 10b + a
40a + 4b – 99 = 10b + a
40a – a + 4b – 10b = 99
39a – 6b = 99
Dividing through by 3
13a – 2b = 33…………. eq2
Solving both equations simultaneously,
a = 3 , b = 3
Hence, the two digit number is 33
Reading Assignment
- New General Mathematics for SS 2 by J B Chamnon & Co page 73 – 78
- Past SSCE Questions
- Exam Focus (Mathematics).
Weekend Assignment
In each of the following pairs of equations solve simultaneously,
1. xy = -12 ; x – y = 7 a. (3 , -4)(4 ,-3) b. (-2 ,4)(-3, -4) c. (-4, 5)(-2 , 3) d(3 ,-3)(4,-4)
2. x – 5y = 5 ; x2 – 25y2 = 55 a (-8, 0)(3/5 , 0) b(0, 0)(-8 , 3/5) c (8 , 3/5) d (0, 8)(0, 3/5)
3. y = x2and y = x + 6 (a).(0,6) (3,9) (b)(-3,0) (2,4) (c)(-2,4) (3,9) (d).(-2, 3), (-3,2)
4. x – y = -3/2 ; 4×2 + 2xy – y2 = 11/4 : a(-1, 1/2)(1, 5/2).b.(3, 2/5)(1, 1/2)c.(3/2 , -1)(4,2) d.(-1 , -1/2)(-1 ,
5/2)
5. m2 + n2 = 25 ; 2m + n – 5 = 0 : a. (0,5)(4, -3) b.(5,0)(-3,4)c.(4,0)(-3,5) d(-5,3)(0,4)
Theory
1 a. Find the coordinate of the points where the line 2x – y = 5 meets the curve 3×2 – xy -4 =10
b. Solve the simultaneous equations: x + 2y = 5, 7(x2 +1) = y(x + 3y)
2. A woman is q years old while her son is p years old. The sum of their ages is equal to twice the difference of
their ages. The product of their ages is 675.
Write down the equations connecting their ages and solve the equations in order to find the ages of the woman and her son. (WAEC)
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