A paraphrase is saying or rewriting something in different words that makes it simpler. Paraphrase may mean using fewer words or it may require using more words and changing its structure or sentence.
A paraphrase is different from a summary to an extent. In a summary, you are expected to pick out the essence, the bare bones of the matter, you leave outillustrations and examples. In a paraphrase, you try to re-express the same information in a simpler, less complicated, less figurative form. Also any illustrations and examples are paraphrase D.
The passage, Nazzruddin is an extract from A Bend in the Rivers by V.S Naipaul. It reveals his (Nazzruddin) plans to put up his property for sale. He however used terms that could not easily be understood by anyone not in the business worl D.
EVALUATION
Read the passage and answer the questions
READING ASSIGNMENT
Effective English pages 80-81
Structure: Phrasal Verbs.
Verbs often combine with adverbial particles to form multi – word verbs or phrasal verbs. It is a group of words composed of simple (lexical) verb and a preposition, an adverb or both. The complete meaning of a phrasal verb cannot be determined from the meaning of the verb and the particle in isolation; rather, it has to be comprehended from the entire phrase.
Examples
Turndown – refuse, reject: I turned down the offer.
Give in – surrender: Our team refused to give in to their opponents.
Run across- meet by chance: We ran across an old friend yesterday at Ab A.
Fall on: attack – The robbers fell on two travellers on the lonely road
Fall out – quarrel: They were good friends before but fell out yesterday.
Give up – stop: My brother has given up smoking.
In the phrasal verb structure, the lexical or simple verb constitutes the nucleus of the unit while the adverbial particle modifies the lexical ver B.
Sometimes, phrasal verbs have more than one particle, and the whole combination has a single meaning. Phrasal verbs of this kind are sometimes called phrasal verbs with double particles.
Examples
- My town has done away with certain obsolete customs (abolished).
- I cannot put up with his insulting behavior (tolerate).
- I will not be surprised if the man goes back on his promise (breaks).
- Our friend may look in on us today (visit).
- Everyone seems to be fed up with his attitude (tired of).
More Examples of Phrasal Verbs:
Come to, come round, go off, cut in, do in, get through, take after, throw up, let down, make away with, make up, set in etc.
EVALUATION
Use a single word verb to replace the following underlined phrasal verbs.
- Ronke fainted but came to when some water was thrown on her face
- Tadetakes after his father, he walks and talks like him.
- I moved aside to let the man get by
- The chairman decided to hold over the remaining items till next week.
- The bad weather held up work on the building for a week.
- Features and Format of an Informal Letter
We have different types of letters and different styles or ways of writing them. Formal, semi-formal and informal letters are the three types of letters we have.
Informal letters are friendly letters to contemporaries ( classmates/colleagues, friends and relatives), close older relatives (father, mother, uncle etc.) and close pen-pals.
Features
- An informal letter must be chatty. Open minded and discuss freely, as if you are actually chatting with the receiver.
- The language must be very familiar, colloquialisms and slang are expected to be used, but do not overdo it e.g. “How life?” Hope no skin pain. Warn that coconut head for me. Bye for now.
- Use short forms. They are expected here. E.g. I’m, you’ve, can’t, he’s etc.
- In the first paragraph, inquire after the welfare of the recipient and tell him about your own welfare.
- Bring in other topics of interest to both of you into the letter, but keep the main topic in mind as you write.
- In the concluding paragraph, send greetings to people known to both of you.
Informal letters are the easiest to write, in that no limitations are placed on you as regards choice of language and content, provided you do not write off the topic or use official language. However, you have to use correct grammar and punctuate correctively.
EVALUATION
What are the features of an informal letter.
GENERAL EVALUATION/REVISION QUESTIONS
- Write ten phrasal verbs that have more than one meaning
- What distinguishes a formal letter from an informal letter.
READING ASSIGNMENT
Countdown in English, pg 70 – 72
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
SECTION A
Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the sound represented by the letters underlined:
- Chief A.Cheap B.Graph C.Save D.Think
- Cease A.Place B.Plays C.Please D.Lazy
- Work A.Whose B. Draw C.View D.Which
- Social A.Shoot B.Circle C.Science D.Local
- Giant A. Measure B. Gap C.Juice D.China
SECTION B
Practice 2, page 99
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