Simplifying Algebraic fractions

To simplify an algebraic fraction means to reduce it to its lowest term.  This is done by factoring out the common factors in the numerator and the denominator.

When simplifying, remember, the following facts:

1. X² – y² = (x + y) (x – y) (difference of two squares)
2. (x + y)² = x² + 2xy + y² (perfect squares)
   (x – Y)² = x² – 2xy + y²