Constituted authority refers to the power and legitimacy granted to individuals or institutions through a constitution or established laws. It represents the official and recognized sources of authority within a political system. Here are four types of constituted authority and two roles they perform:

1. Governmental Authority: Governmental authority is derived from the constitution and encompasses various branches, such as the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. These branches perform specific roles within the political system.

• Executive Branch: The executive branch, typically headed by a president or prime minister, holds the authority to implement and enforce laws. Its roles include leading the government, making policy decisions, overseeing administrative functions, and representing the country domestically and internationally.
• Legislative Branch: The legislative branch, usually consisting of a parliament or congress, is responsible for creating, amending, and passing laws. Its roles include debating and discussing legislation, representing the interests of the constituents, and providing oversight of the executive branch.

1. Judicial Authority: Judicial authority refers to the power vested in the courts and judiciary to interpret and apply the law. The judiciary plays a vital role in upholding the rule of law and ensuring justice.

• Interpretation of Laws: One of the key roles of judicial authority is to interpret the constitution and laws. Courts determine the meaning and application of laws, resolving disputes and clarifying legal principles.
• Adjudication: The judiciary has the authority to adjudicate legal cases, ensuring that disputes are resolved in a fair and impartial manner. This role involves hearing cases, evaluating evidence, and delivering judgments based on legal principles and precedents.

1. Constitutional Authority: Constitutional authority is derived directly from the constitution of a country or a region. It represents the highest level of legal and political authority and typically involves a constitutional court.

• Safeguarding Rights: Constitutional authorities play a crucial role in protecting and upholding individual rights and liberties. They ensure that laws and policies align with constitutional provisions and act as a check against potential abuses of power.
• Constitutional Review: Constitutional authorities have the power to review the constitutionality of laws and government actions. They can strike down laws or actions that violate constitutional provisions, preserving the integrity of the constitutional framework.

1. Local and Municipal Authority: Local and municipal authorities are constituted bodies that govern specific regions, cities, or communities within a country. They have specific roles and responsibilities in managing local affairs.

• Local Governance: Local authorities perform administrative functions related to the management of local resources, public services, and infrastructure. They address community needs, make local policies, and coordinate local development initiatives.
• Representation and Participation: Local authorities provide a platform for citizen representation and participation in decision-making processes. They serve as a link between the local community and the central government, advocating for local interests and addressing local concerns.

These types of constituted authority each have distinct roles and responsibilities within a political system. They contribute to the functioning of a democratic society by ensuring governance, upholding the rule of law, protecting rights, and representing the interests of the people.