Classification Of Kingdom Plantae Based On Botanical Classification

The kingdom plantae is divided into four main phyla or Division

(i)         Thallophyta (algae)

–  They are simple microscopic plant

– They have no true root, stem and leaves

– They are found in aquatic habitat

-They are autotrophic plant i.e. They can synthesize their own food

– They reproduce both by asexual means and sexual means

– They have cellulose cell wall

– Many of them are pigmented such as red, blue, brown in addition to chlorophyll.

– Some are filamentous (algae) and the cells are not differentiated into tissue

(ii)        Bryophyte (Moss and liverwort)

– They are non-vascular multicellular plant

– They have chlorophyll as the only photosynthetic pigment

– They are terrestrial but grow in moist environment

– Their body is differentiated into stem-like and leaf-like structure but no true root, stem and leaves

– They have no vascular tissue therefore they are unable to transport food and material round the body

– They reproduce asexually by means of spores while sexual reproduction by gametes and it takes place in water

– They exhibit what is called alternation of generation.

Division Pteridophyta (ferns)

– Their body is divided into true root, stem and leaves

– They have well developed vascular bundles comprising of xylem and phloem

– The underground stem is rhizome

– They reproduce by means of spores

– They need water of sexual reproduction which is by gametes formation

– The plants are mostly terrestrial while few are aquatic

– They exhibit alternation of generation

– They  have asexual reproductive organ called sori while the sexual reproductive organ is heart- shaped called prothalus

SPERMATOPHYTA

– They are seed bearing plant

– They have well-developed vascular bundles

– They are well-adapted to terrestrial habitat and they are the most successful land plants

The Spermatophyta are divided into two:

(i)         Division Gymnospermatophyta or Coniferophyta

– They are large plant with well-developed vascular bundle with true root, stem and        leaves

– Their leaves are green in colour, small and needle-like

–  Their naked seeds are born in cone because there is no ovary and no fruit

(ii)        Division Angiospermatophyta

– They possess true flowers for sexual reproduction

– They have well-developed true root, stem and leaves

– They have well-developed vascular bundles

– Seeds and fruits are produced after fertilization and the seed are enclosed within the ovary

– They are terrestrial but some are aquatic

– They are terrestrial but some are aquatic

            The Angiospermatophyta is divided into two classes

1. Monocotylenoneae (Monocot)
2. Dicotyledoneae (Dicot)