TRIOXOCARBONATE(IV)

CONTENT
⦁ Trioxocarbonates (IV)
⦁ Preparation of Soluble Trioxocarbonate (IV
⦁ Laboratory Preparation of Sodium Trioxocarbonate (IV)
⦁ Industrial Preparation of Sodium Trioxocarbonate (IV)
⦁ Advantages of the Solvay Process
⦁ Properties of Sodium Trioxocarbonate (IV)
⦁ Uses of Sodium Trioxocarbonate (IV)
⦁ Test for Trioxocarbonate (IV)
⦁ Preparation of Insoluble Trioxocarbonate (IV)
⦁ Hydrogen Trioxocarbonate (IV)
⦁ Uses of Hydrogen Trioxocarbonate (IV)

Trioxocarbonates (IV)
Trioxocarbonate (iv) are salts derived from trioxocarbonate (iv) acid when it reacts with metals and metallic oxides.
All trioxocarbonate (iv) salts of Sodium (Na), Potassium (K) and Ammonium(NH4+) are soluble while all others are insoluble.
Note: All trioxocarbonate (iv) salts decompose to release CO2 when heated except that of Na and K.
Preparation of Soluble Trioxocarbonate (IV)
Soluble trioxocarbonate (iv) are prepared by bubbling carbon (iv) oxide through a solution of the corresponding alkali.
2KOH (aq) + CO2(g)   →   K2CO3(aq)  +   H2O(l)
It can also be prepared by heating the corresponding hydrogen trioxocarbonate (iv). This is applicable only to sodium and potassium hydrogen trioxocarbona (iv).
2KHCO3(aq) →  K2CO3(aq)  +  CO2(g)  + H2O(l)

Laboratory Preparation of Sodium Trioxocarbonate (IV)
Sodium trioxocarbonate IV is a soluble trioxocarbonate IV and it can be prepared by heating sodium hydrogen trioxocarbonate IV.
2NaHCO3(aq) →   Na2CO3(aq)  +  CO2(g)  + H2O(l)
The sodium trioxocarbonate IV is a white powder. Upon crystallizing, it will contrain ten molecules of water of crystallization.
Na2CO3(aq)  +   H2O(l) →  Na2CO3. H2O

Industrial Preparation of Sodium Trioxocarbonate (IV)
Sodium trioxocarbonate (iv) are manufactured commercially by the solvay process. In this process, brine is saturated with ammonia gas to form ammoniacal brine (NaCl + NH3 + in water). The ammoniacal brine is then sprayed down a solvay tower and carbon IV oxide is forced up through the solvay tower. The carbon (iv) oxide reacts with the ammonia to form ammonium hydrogen trioxocarbonate (iv).
NH3(g) + CO2(g)  + H2O(l) →  NH4HCO3(aq)
NH4HCO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → NaHCO3(aq) + NH4Cl(aq)
The insoluble sodium hydrogen trioxocarbonate (iv) is filtered, washed and heated to yield anhydrous sodium trioxocarbonate (iv) , steam and carbon (iv) oxide.
2NaHCO3(aq) + heat → Na2CO3(aq)  +  CO2(g)  + H2O(l)
Anhydrous sodium trioxocarbonate (iv) (Na2CO3) is called Washing soda.

Advantages of the Solvay Process
⦁ The raw materials are cheap
⦁ The carbon IV oxide is obtained heating limestone.
⦁ The quicklime obtained can also react to yield ammonia gas.
Properties of Sodium Trioxocarbonate (IV)
1. Trioxocarbonate (iv) dissolves in water to yield the corresponding hydroxide.
Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l)  → 2NaOH(aq)  +  H2CO3(aq)
2. All trioxocarbonate IV react with dilute acid to liberate carbon (iv) oxide.
Na2CO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) +  CO2(g)  + H2O(l)

Uses of Sodium Trioxocarbonate (IV)
⦁ It used for softening hard water.
⦁ It is used for the manufacture of glass.
⦁ It is used in the washing and bleaching of textiles.
⦁ It is used in the manufacture of sodium hydroxide.
Test for Trioxocarbonate (IV)
When warmed with dilute acid, they liberate carbon IV oxide.
Preparation of Insoluble Trioxocarbonate (IV)
Insolube trioxocarbonates(iv) can be prepared by adding a solution of sodium trioxocarbonate (iv) or sodium hydrogen trioxocarbonate (iv) to a solution of a corresponding metal salt.
CaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3 → CaCO3(s)  +  2NaCl(s)

Hydrogen Trioxocarbonate (IV)
Hydrogen trioxocarbonate (iv) are the acid salts derived from trioxocarbonate (iv) acid by replacing one of the hydrogen atom with a metal or ammonium radical.
Hydrogen trioxocarbonate (iv) are prepared by passing excess carbon (iv) oxide through a solution of the corresponding hydroxides or trioxocarbonates (iv).
Hydrogen trioxocarbonate (iv) are soluble in water except potassium, sodium and ammonium hydrogen trioxocarbonate (iv).
They decompose readily when heated to liberate carbon (iv) oxide, water and the corresponding trioxocarbonate (iv).
2NaHCO3(aq) + heat → Na2CO3(aq)  +  CO2(g)  + H2O(l)

Uses of Hydrogen Trioxocarbonate (IV)
⦁ It is used as baking powder because it liberates carbon IV oxide which makes bread and cake rise.
⦁ It is used as health salt. E.g Andrew liver salt.
⦁ It is also used in fire extinguisher.