Waves are a fundamental concept in physics, and they have several important properties:

1. Amplitude: The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of the medium from its rest position.
2. Wavelength: The wavelength of a wave is the distance between two consecutive points in the medium that are in phase (i.e., have the same displacement and velocity).
3. Frequency: The frequency of a wave is the number of oscillations per unit time, usually measured in Hertz (Hz).
4. Period: The period of a wave is the time it takes for one complete oscillation to occur, usually measured in seconds (s).
5. Velocity: The velocity of a wave is the speed at which it travels through a medium, usually measured in meters per second (m/s).
6. Reflection: When a wave encounters a boundary between two media with different properties, it can bounce back in the opposite direction.
7. Refraction: When a wave passes through a boundary between two media with different properties, it can change direction and speed.
8. Interference: When two or more waves meet in the same medium, they can interact and produce a combined waveform, which may be constructive (adding up) or destructive (cancelling out).
9. Diffraction: When a wave encounters an obstacle or passes through a narrow gap, it can bend around the obstacle or spread out through the gap.
10. Polarization: Some waves, such as light waves, can have a specific orientation of their electric and magnetic fields, called polarization.