The Nose And Ear

STRUCTURE OF THE NOSE

NOSE

Your nose helps you breathe and smell. Air enters the nose through the nostrils and passes into a large space called the nasal cavity. Nerve cells in the olfactory bulb collect information about smells in the air and pass that information to the olfactory tract and onto the brain. Air then leaves the nose and travels through the mouth and throat into the lungs.

The nose is the organ of smell. The very top of the nose consists of bones. The rest is made of cartilage, small mucous membrane. The lining of the membrane contains small glands which produce watery secretion. This secretion keeps the lining moist. The nose is divided into two nostrils by a partition called SEPTUM. The nerves of smell which run from the nose to the brain are called the olfactory nerves. There are tiny hairs at the entrance of the nose. They act as filters for the air that goes to the lungs.

FUNCTIONS OF THE NOSE

1. It is the sense organ of smell
2. It acts as a passage or channel through which the air we breathe passes in and out of the lungs.
3. The air entering the lungs is filtered and warmed by the tiny hairs at the entrance of the nostrils.

CARE OF THE NOSE

1. Avoid pushing objects into the nose.
2. Avoid picking or poking the nose with finger nail or any object.
3. Blow the nose gently and avoid the habit of sniffing.
4. Avoid plucking the hair in the nose.
5. When it is necessary, the nose should be cleaned with clean handkerchief or   a clean piece of soft tissue paper.
6. See a doctor for the treatment of any nose infection.

RESULT OF LACK OF CARE OF THE NOSE

1. Nose bleeding.
2. Nasal infection
3. Breathing difficulties.

Removal of Foreign Objects from the Nose

1. When any foreign object such as a seed, insect, etc. enters one nostril, close the unaffected one with the finger and blow the affected one. If the object fails to come out see a doctor.
2. If both nostrils are blocked, breathe through the mouth and see a doctor immediately.
3. Do not attempt to remove any foreign object by poking at it with an instrument.

STRUCTURE AND PARTS OF THE EAR

THE EAR

The human ear is divided into three parts: the outer ear, the middle ea. The outer ear includes the visible part of the ear that is attached to the side of the head and the ear canal. The eardrum separates the outer ear from the middle ear, which is an air-filled cavity. Inside this cavity are tiny bones that vibrate when sound waves pass through them. These bones help send sound into the inner ear. The inner ear contains an organ that helps you keep your balance and another organ that passes sound waves to the brain.

The ear is the organ of hearing. The ear is a delicate part of the body. It is made up of different parts, the outer ear, middle ear and inner ear. The outer ear is like a funnel that picks vibrations. These are carried from the ear drum to the inner ear and are eventually interpreted by the brain as sounds. A short passage leads from the outer ear to middle ear. There are tiny hairs to the side of this entrance which trap dust, small objects or insects that might get into the ear.

FUNCTIONS OF THE EAR

1. The ear is a sense organ for hearing.

2. It helps us to maintain balance.   

CARE OF THE EAR

1. The outer ears should be washed and carefully dried daily with a clean cloth or towel.
2. Do not interfere unnecessarily with the inner ear.
3. It is a bad habit to poke the ears with sharp objects which may damage the middle and inner ear.
4. Remove small excess of wax in the ear.
5. Don’t expose the ear to excessive sound.
6. Don’t allow your ear to be slapped by someone to avoid deafness.
7. See the doctor for any form of ear ache.

EVALUATION

1. Explain two functions of the nose.
2. State three ways one can care for the nose.
3. State three ways ears can be taken care of.

REMOVAL OF FOREIGN BODY IN THE EAR

If any object is accidentally pushed into the ears or insect gets into it, efforts should be made to expel the foreign body by putting a few drops of warm water or warm olive or groundnut oil into the ear. The object may come out but if this does not, see the doctor.

RESULT OF LACK OF CARE OF THE EAR

1. The ear is very close to the brain. If the ear is infected and it is not cared for, the infection may spread to the brain and cause serious damage.
2. Permanent deafness may occur, if the ear drum is affected.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. Explain how we can remove foreign objects from the ear
2. Explain how we can remove foreign objects from our eyes
3. Explain how we can remove foreign objects from nose
4. State two uses of the nose
5. What is the function of the retina?

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. Ear is made up of ______ Parts (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 5.
2. The _____ ear is like a funnel that’s picks up vibrations. (a) middle

(b) inner (c) chair (d) outer.

3. The nose is made up of _______ and _______ (a) Cartilage and bones

(b) Cartilage and pelvic (c) Cartilage and limps (d) Limbs and curve

4. _____ is responsible for producing watery secretions in the nose (a) Cartilage (b) Glands (c) Septum (d) Nerves
5. The nerve of smell that runs from the brain to the nose is called (a) Olfactory nerves (b) Olfactory nerve (c) Olfactory nerves (d) Sensory nerves

THEORY

1. State two functions of the nose
2. State two results of lack of care of the ear.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Read the Structure, Parts and Care of the nose and ear from Home Economics New Concept for Nigerian Junior Secondary Schools, by Popoola O.O., Pages 23-25.