How electricity is transmitted

Electrical power is said to be transmitted when it is conveyed from it source of generation to distances far way or near the sending end.
The positions or destinations at which the power is received is referred to as “The receiving end”. The equipment, required for the transmission is referred to as transmission equipment such as generator (alternators), synchronizing/control panel, circuit breakers, substations, transformers, insulators, power lines, uprisers, etc.
Electricity can be generated at low frequencies by using hydropower as in Kainji Dam, burning gas as in Afam Power station and Egbin Power station, and burning charcoal as in Oji River power station. In each of these big power stations, electricity is generated for the use of people located at, and away from the source of generation. For example, the electric power generated at the Kainji is used by people in Kainji as well as people in Lagos, a distance of 560km from Kainji. This is one of the major advantages of electricity. It can be generated at a point and can be made available in place far from the point of generation. This is made possible by providing transmission lines to transmit electricity to sub stations, from where it can be distributed to different consumers.
Here in, the student is introduced to the basic principles of transmission of electricity from the source of generation, and its eventual distribution to the consumer.

Basic Principles of Transmission of Electricity at Low Frequencies
Electricity is transmitted by underground cables or overhead lines on poles or towers over considerable distances. The lines which are usually steel, cored aluminium or hard drawn copper, are called the transmission lines. The transmission of electric power is usually at very high voltage and at low frequency in the range of 50 cycles per second (referred to as 50 Hertz or 50 Hz) in most part of the world and up to 60 Hz in some countries. The reason for generating and transmitting at higher voltages than required in premises and appliances will be discussed later.

Basic Principles of Transmission at High Frequencies
The transmission of electricity at high frequency takes place at low voltage. Instead of using high tension transmission power, it uses low tension transmission power. The frequency cuts across a broad band so that many networks can operate at the same time.
Appliances like radio, television and telecommunication gadgets operate on these frequencies. The frequencies or bands include AM, MW, SW and FM bands (this is for the radio frequencies). For the television band, we have the UHF, VHF and SHF channels.
The basic principle in the transmission of electricity at high frequency lies in the principle of the tank circuit. It is the conversion of audio or visual signals into electromagnetic waves, which is radiated from a sending aerial into space, where the receiving aerial cuts across it, to be transmitted to the final consumers.

Differences between Low and High Frequency Transmission
Low Frequency can travel around the world
High Frequency are mostly straight line of sight

Low Frequency has low energy power
High Frequency have a lot of energy power

Low Frequency (AM) can have interference by a lot of things
High Frequency (FM) have clearer reception over a wide range