Centralization of power

The Meaning of Centralization of Power

Centralization is that type of government in which power is concentrated in a single authority. In such a system, only one authority is recognized in the whole country. Thus, power is usually vested with the central authority. The degree of centralization is highest in a unitary state. Examples of unitary states are Britain, France, Ghana, etc.

Merits of Centralization of Power

The following are the merits of centralization of power:

1. Reduced cost of operation: The cost for running a centralized system is quite lower than that of a decentralized administration. This is because it is void of duplication of roles.
2. Reduced conflict: Since where there is multiplicity of power, there is bound to be conflict, the reverse is the case in a centralized system.
3. Even development: Due to the fact that there is uniformity of administration, there is room for increased even development. This is due to the presence of only one level of government.
4. Quick decision making: This system of government makes for speedy action due to the absence of excessive bureaucracy. Thus the central government makes decisions alone.
5. Strong government: This system of government establishes a stronger government, because all the powers are vested in a single government.
6. Absence of dual loyalty: Citizens display full loyalty to the central authority only. In other words their loyalty is not divided on basis of state, regional or other unit of government.
7. It enhances national unity: Centralization promotes unity in a given sate. Divisions, diversities, unhealthy rivalry, etc. are discouraged by centralization.
8. There are less conflicts of authority

Demerits of Centralization of Power

The following are the demerits of centralization of power:

1. Homogeneity: This system works better in a homogeneous society or cultural group, but not in a heterogeneous society.
2. Dictatorship: Since only one level off government is recognized by the constitution, the tendency for dictatorship to develop may arise.
3. Reduced political participation: This system kills the spirit of political participation as political activities are concentrated at the centre.
4. Neglect of minority groups: This system tends to establish a government that is far from the people at the grass root level. Thus, it does not effectively take care of minority interests.
5. Small terrain: The system cannot be effective and efficient in the administration of larger territories or countries. For instance it is not workable in Nigeria, U.S.A, etc.

EVALUATION

1. Define centralization of power.
2. What are the merits and demerits of centralization?