In coordinate geometry, we make use of points in a plane. A point consists of the x-coordinate called abscissa and the y-coordinate known as ordinate. In locating a point on the x – y plane x – coordinate is first written and then the y-coordinate. For example, in a given point (a, b), the value of x is a and that of y is b. Similarly, in a point (3, 5), the value of x is 3 and that of y is 5. A linear graph gives a straight line graph from any given straight line equation which is in the general form y = mx + c or ax + by + c = 0
Example: Draw the graph of equation 4x + 2y = 5
- Point of intersection of two linear equations
Two lines y = ax +b and y2 = cx + d
Intercept when ax + b = cx + d
That is you solve the two equations simultaneously
- Intersection of a line with the x or y axis
The point of intersection of a line with the x –axis can be obtained by putting y = o to find the corresponding value of x = a, say the required point of intersection gives (a, o). Similarly, for the point of intersection of a line with the y-axis, put x = o to find the corresponding value of y. If the corresponding value of y is b, the required point of intersection is (o, b)
Example: Find the point of intersection of the line 2x + 3y + 2 = 0 with the
- x – axis (ii) y – axis
Example 3: Find the point of intersection of the lines y = 3x + 2 and y = 2x + 5
Solution
y = 3x + 2 (1)
y = 2x + 5 (2)
At the point of intersection
3x + 2 = 2x + 5
3x – 2x = 5 -2
X = 3
Substitute 3 for x in equation (1), we obtain y = 3(3) + 2 = 11.
Hence, the point of intersection is (3, 11)
GRADIENT OF A STRAIGHT LINE
The Gradient of a straight line is defined as the ratio
Change in y in moving from one
Change in x point to another on the line. The Gradient of a straight line is always constant.
TANGENT OF A SLOPE
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