A political party is a group of people who share similar political beliefs and come together to contest elections and form governments. Political parties provide a way for citizens to participate in the political process by selecting candidates, articulating their ideas and goals, and competing for power.
Functions: The functions of political parties include:

1. Nominating Candidates: Political parties identify and select candidates to run for office, including local, state, and national positions.
2. Articulating Ideologies: Political parties develop and articulate their own ideologies, which provide a framework for their policy positions and guide their activities.
3. Mobilizing Voters: Political parties work to mobilize voters to support their candidates, through voter outreach and persuasion.
4. Advocating for Policies: Political parties advocate for specific policies and legislation that align with their ideology and platform.
5. Governing: Political parties that win elections and form governments are responsible for governing, including passing laws and implementing policies.

Organization: Political parties are typically organized hierarchically, with a national party at the top and local and state parties below. The national party sets the overall agenda and strategy, while state and local parties focus on implementing that strategy at the regional level.
Political parties may also have formal or informal caucuses, interest groups, and factions that represent specific demographic groups or policy positions within the party.