A pressure group, also known as an interest group, advocacy group, or lobby group, is an organized association or collective entity that seeks to influence government policies, decisions, or actions in order to promote or protect the interests of a particular group or cause. Pressure groups operate outside of formal governmental structures but aim to exert pressure on policymakers through various means to achieve their objectives.
Here are some key characteristics and features of pressure groups:

1. Shared Interests: Pressure groups are formed around shared interests, concerns, or goals. These interests can be diverse and range from social, economic, environmental, or political issues to specific professional or industry-related matters.
2. Advocacy and Influence: Pressure groups engage in advocacy and seek to influence public opinion and government policies. They may lobby politicians, officials, or public institutions to shape legislation, regulations, or decision-making processes that align with their objectives.
3. Representation: Pressure groups often act as representatives or spokespeople for specific segments of society or stakeholders. They aim to articulate and advance the interests of their members or the communities they represent.
4. Various Forms and Strategies: Pressure groups can take different forms, including trade unions, professional associations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), activist groups, and grassroots movements. They employ a range of strategies such as public campaigns, media engagement, lobbying, litigation, protests, and grassroots mobilization to exert pressure and achieve their goals.
5. Influence on Policy-making: Pressure groups seek to influence policy-making processes at various stages. They may engage in research, produce reports, provide expert opinions, offer policy recommendations, or participate in consultations to shape policy debates and outcomes.
6. Access to Decision-makers: Successful pressure groups often have established connections and access to policymakers. They engage in direct communication, meetings, or consultations with government officials, politicians, or relevant stakeholders to present their arguments and seek favorable policy outcomes.
7. Pluralistic Democracy: Pressure groups play a role in pluralistic democracies by providing avenues for citizens to participate in political processes beyond voting. They contribute to a more diverse and nuanced policy discourse, representing the interests and concerns of specific constituencies or issue areas.

It is important to note that while pressure groups can be influential and play a valuable role in democratic societies, their activities can also raise concerns about undue influence, conflicts of interest, or the exclusion of marginalized voices. The extent and nature of their influence depend on factors such as the political system, the issue at hand, and the resources and organization of the pressure group itself.