AMINES: It has a functional group of NH2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 1. They can dissolve in water. 2. They are gases and liquid. 3. They have fishy odour. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 1. As bases they neutralize acids. 2. They dissociate/ionize in water e.g. CH3NH2 + H2O CH3NH3++ OH– USES 1. Used in making nylon 2. They can […]
Tag: Grade 10 Chemistry
Carbohydrates are naturally occurring organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygenwith oxygen in the ratio 1:2 as in water. The general molelcular formula of carbohydrates is Cx(H2O)y or CxH2yOy. Carbohydrates are generally polydroxyl aldehydes, ketones or any compound that on hydrolysis yields any of the polyhydroxides. They are synthesized in green plants by photosynthesis. CLASSIFICATION […]
Polymerisation (addition and condensation) plastics. Thermosplastic and thermosetting polymers, resins. Polymer is the final product, macromolecule of high molecular mars. It consists of a repeating units and its general molecular formula may be represented as [repeating units]n where n is a very large whole number. N.B:- All polymers are macromolecules, but not all macromolecule but […]
CONTENT Sources, properties and uses detergents and soaps Structure, their mode and action. Fats and oils belong to a general group of compounds known as lipids. SOURCES: Fats are solids that usually come from animals e.g. Tallow (mutton fat). Oils are liquids that come from plants e.g. vegetable oil, coconut oil etc. Both fat and […]
ALKANOATES General molecular formula, nomenclature, preparation, properties and uses. SOURCES: The alkanoic acid or carboxylic acids are also called fatty acids because some of them are found in natural fats and oils. They contain the functional group called carboxy group. NOMENCLATURE: The IUPAC name of each homologue is obtained by changing the “-e” endind of […]
CONTENT -Source -General molecular formula -Nomenclature – Classification -Types, Preparation, Properties and Uses. Test for Alkanols SOURCES OF ALKANOLS – From destructive distillation wood. – From starchy food and sugar General molecular formular Alkanol is a homologous series with general molecular formular of Cn H2n+1OH or ROH. Or (CnH2n+2O). Nomenclature: The names of alkanols are […]
CONTENT Benzene, structure, properties and Uses Derivative of Benzene Aromatic Hydrocarbons These are hydrocarbons that have the same structure as benzene. Benzene: Benzene is a typical aromatic compound with molecular formula of C6H6. Evaluation Describe three (3) ways of preparing benzene. Draw the structure of benzene. Physical properties 1. It has a pleasant odour. 2. […]
Alkynes are the homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbon with a general molecular formua CnH2n-2. Alkynes show a high degree of unsaturation than alkenes, hence,t hey are chemically more reactive than the corresponding alkenes or alkanes. Examples are : ETHYNE Ethyne is the first member of the alkyne series. It has a molecular formula, C2H2, and […]
CONTENT Nomenclature Preparation Properties Uses. UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS These are hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms join with each other by multiple bonds. The multiple bond can be double bonds e.g Alkene or triple bonds e.g Alkyne. Nomenclature The process of naming in alkene is obtained by substitute “ane” in alkane with ‘ene’ e.g Ethane changes to […]
Content: Alkanes e.g methane (CH4) – preparation – properties – Uses – Isomerism – IUPAC Nomenclature Saturated Hydrocarbons Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons consisting of carbon chains with single bond between them in which carbon joins with another carbon by single covalent bond e.g Alkanes ( like ethane C2H6, propane C3H8 ) The […]