CONTENT
- FOOD AND BALANCED DIET
- TYPE / COMPOSITION
- BALANCED
FOOD AND BALANCED DIET
Nutrition is the intake of food by all living organisms(i.e. plants and animals) in order to live well.
Food is a substance that we eat and digest in order to provide energy and help in body building. Food is also anything taken to provide energy, nutrients, to build the body, to relace worn-out cells and to grow and develop a healthy body. It includes many things we eat and drink except alcohol, cigarettes and drugs
BALANCED DIET: An adequate diet is one that is sufficient in quantity and food nutrients in required amount or proportions.
An adequate diet is called balanced diet.
In terms of quantity, the human body requires more carbohydrates followed by proteins lipids, vitamins and minerals.
PROCEDURE FOR PLANNING A BALANCED DIET
1 Plan in a tabular form, an adequate diet for your home, in your own part of Nigeria.
2 Use as far as possible locally produced food items.
3 In cases where you have a choice use food items you personally prefer.
TYPES OF FOOD
Types
1 Solid or liquid e.g.
Solid foods Liquid foods
Yam Milk
Rice Cocoa drinks like Milo
Bread Bourn vita
Beans Fruit juice
2. Local foods e.g.
Local foods
Beans
Rice
Yam
Sweet potato
- Imported foods
Milk
Stockfish
Butt Pasta
- Cereals, vegetables and fruits e.g.
Cereals
Rice
Corn flakes
Wheat
- Fruits e.g. mango, orange, lemon, apple, pear, guava, etc.
- Vegetables: okra, spinach, waterleaf, lettuce etc.
- Foods eaten raw or cooked e.g.
Foods eaten raw
Lettuce
Pawpaw
Mango
Banana
Cucumber
- Foods eaten cooked
Yam
Rice
Beans
Meat
Potato
Food can also be grouped into three categories according to the functions they perform in the body . These are:
- Energy giving food e.g. carbohydrates, fats and oils.
- Body building food e.g. proteins.
- Protective food e.g. vitamins and mineral salts.
EVALUATION
- Give three ways of planning for adequate diet.
- State five examples of food eaten raw.
Classes Of Food
| Classes of food | Composition | |
| 1. | Carbohydrates e.g. Yam, Garri, Millet, Potato | Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen with Hydrogen and Oxygen in ratio 2 : 1 |
| 2. | Proteins e.g. milk, cheese, eggs, yoghurt, beans | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, sometimes sulphur and phosphorus |
| 3. | Fats and oils (lipids e.g. palm oil, groundnut oil, olive oil, animal fats | Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen fats are solid, while oils are liquid at room temperature. |
| 4. | Vitamins we have vitamin A,B,C,D,E AND K. | Vitamins are made up of living organisms. |
| 5. | Mineral salts e.g. potassium, calcium, sulphur, phosphorus, nitrogen | They are chemical substance for human health |
| 6. | Water | Water is made up of and oxygen |
GENERAL EVALUATION
1. List six food types and their composition
2. Define a balanced diet
3. List the types of food we have.
4. State five examples of food eaten raw.
READING ASSIGNMENT
- Basic science By NNOF pages 6-11 or Basic science made easy by F.I Kehinde Pages 10 – 15,
- Precious seed BASIC SCIENCE FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS BOOK 1 PAGE 23-34
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1 Which of the following is not a food item? (a) Milk (b) Spinach (c) Orange (d) Alcohol
2. A disease that results from the lack of protein is called ______ (a) a hunger disease (b) a poverty disease (c) Kwashiorkor disease (d) vitamin deficiency disease
3 _______ is a substance we eat and digest and give energy to the body (a) Starch (b) Food (c) Protein (d) Balance diet
4 Which of the following is the function of vitamins in the human body ?(a) providing energy (b) preserving health (c) body building (d) none of the above
5 The following food items are sources of carbohydrate except (a) beans (b) yam (c) rice (d) orange
THEORY
1 Prepare an adequate diet chart.
2 List the six classes of food and their functions.
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