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English JSSCE Notes

Mountebank, Adverbs, Letter writing and Poetry

The writer uses “direction words” in the passage. Emeka’s aunt gave many directions.E.g.Go up this way, turn left by the market, run to the market etc.  Find direction words as you read the passage.

Evaluation: Intensive English Book 1; Exercises 8.2.2; page 77-78.

Assignment: Intensive English Book 1;   Exercises 8.2.3, 8.2.4 and 8.3.5 page 83.

ASPECT: STRUCTURE

TOPIC: Adverbs

CONTENT:

(i)               Definition of adverbs

  • Forms of Adverbs
  • Features, position and functions of adverbs.

Sub-Topic 1:

DEFINITION OF ADVERB: An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective or other adverbs. “Ad” in adverbs is a Latin prefix meaning “to”. Examples: Carefully, slowly, softly, silently, soon, regularly, early, twice,  etc.

EVALUATION

  1. What is an adverb?
  2. Give 5 examples of adverb

FORMS OF ADVERBS

            There are various forms of adverbs such as :

  • ADVERBS OF TIME : These are called indicating adverbs because they indicate or show time. They express when? Examples: when,since, late, after, today, soon, formerly,early etc.
  • ADVERBS OF PLACE: They express where? Examples: where,here, there, forward, somewhere, every-where, out, near, etc.
  • ADVERBS OF MANNER :They express how ? Examples: angrily, slowly,deeply, quickly,well,

sweetly, etc.

  • ADVERBS OF DEGREE:They express to what extent.Examples: Almost, only,quickly, very rather, etc.
  • ADVERB OF FREQUENCY: They express how often? E.g daily, twice, rarely, often, sometimes, etc

EVALUATION

1.         List 3 types of  adverbs.

2.         Give 2 examples of each.

FEATURE OF ADVERBS

The most important feature of the adverb is that a majority of them are derived from adjectives by the application of the derivational suffix-ly to the adjectival stem when an adverb.

POSITION OF ADVERBS

Adverbs are generally put after the verb they go with E.g. He ran quickly. Adverbs however can also be used before verbs or at the end of sentence Eg.1: She suddenly opened the door.

She opened the door suddenly.

            or

Suddenly, she opened the door.

Adverbs can occur at the initial, medial or final position in a sentence as above.

FUNCTION OF ADVERBS

An adverb can either function as an adverbial or as a modifier of other word classes such as; adjectives, verbs nouns phrases, prepositional phrases, determiners, as well as adverbs.

EVALUATION:

  1. Mention two functions of adverb.
  2. Adverbs can be put in the initial, medial, or final position in sentence True/False?

Sub-Topic 3: SPEECH WORK

Topic:        Consonants /k/ and /g/

1.         Describing the sound

2.         Pronouncing the sound

3.         Contrasting the sound

1.         Describing the sound

            These consonants /k/ and /g/ are plosive. /k/ is a voiceless velar plosive while /g/ is voiced velar plosive. There is a total obstruction to the flow of air out of the mouth and nose.

EVALUATION

  1. ____ is a voiceless plosive
  2. ______ is a voiced plosive

PRONOUNCING THE SOUND

/g/-  /gee/ as in

Goat, big, digger, trigger, sign, lagging etc

/g/ is silent in some words e.g gnat, gnome, gnaw, gnash, sign, reign

/k/ – /k/ as in

Car, cat, kettle, king, know, sack, backs, lack, snack, etc

/k/ is silent in words like knock, know etc.

EVALUATION

1.         Write five words that contain the consonant sound /g/

2.         Mention 5 words that contain the consonant sound /k/

CONTRASTING THE SOUND

/g/                                           /k/

Bag                                          back

Lag                                          lack

Snag                                        snack

Banged                                    banked

Tag                                          tack

EVALUATION

Choose the word that contains the consonant sound represented by the phonetic symbol given.

  1. /k/ a. know b. price c. case d. cease
  2. /p/ a. psalm b. psychology c. candle d. slept
  3. /g/ a. gnome b. game c. gnat d. sign
  4. /k/ a. kite b. cell c. knowledge d. circle

ASPECT: COMPOSITION

TOPIC: Letter Writing

Topic:  Letter writing: Formal Letters

Sub Topics:

  1. Definition of formal letters
  2. Types of formal letters
  3. Features of formal letters

NOTE:

1.         Definition of formal letters

Formal letters are letters written to offices.  They are also called official letters

EVALUATION

1.         What is a formal letter?

2.         What is another name for formal?

TYPES OF FORMAL LETTERS

  1. Application for employment
  2. Application for Admission to Educational institutions
  3. Petitions to a Government office
  4. Letters of complaint to the police
  5. Letters of inquiry to a company
  6. Letter commenting on Editorials of  Newspapers
  7. Applications for suppliers to manufacturing companies

EVALUATION

  1. Mention 3 types of formal letters
  2. Application for employment is a formal letter True/False

   CONTENT 3

   Features of formal letters

  1. Address of the writer
  2. Address of the addressee
  3. Salutation
  4. The letter heading
  5. The body of the letter
  6. The Conclusion
  7. Subscript

EVALUATION

  1. Mention 4 features of a formal letters
  2. How does a formal letter end

AASPECT: LITERATURE

Topic: Poetry

Sub-Topics:

  1. Definition of poetry
  2. Types of poetry
  3. Language of poetry

Definition of poetry

A poem is a piece of creative writing that is usually written in verse. Poetry is a collection of poems.

Evaluation:

  • What is a poem?
  • What is poetry?

CONTENT 2

TYPES OF POEMS

These are epic, ode, dirge, sonnet, Ballard, elegy

Epic: A long poem with many exciting adventures (1) A long            poem telling of achievements of hero.

Ode:    A poem written to or about a person or thing.

Dirge: A poem of mourning

(Sonnet):  A poem with 14 lines that Rhyme with each other           in a fixed pattern.

Ballard:           A long poem that tells a story 

Elegy: A sad poem especially about someone who has diet

EVALUATION

  1. Mention four types of poems
  2. What is an Ode?

CONTENT 3

The language of poetry: This refers to elements of poetry

1.         Imagery: These are created in poetry by means of figures of speech.

2.         Rhythm: Refers to the alteration of stressed and unstressed syllables.

3.         Sound: This is one of the elements that compose vocal        utterance.

EVALUATION

  1. Mention 2 element s of poetry
  2. What is sound in poetry?

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